Zahumlje
Zahumlje, also known as the Land of
Hum and
Chelm, was a
medieval Serbian principality located in today's
Herzegovina (modern day
Bosnia and Herzegovina), and southern
Dalmatia (modern day Republic of
Croatia).
De Administrando Imperio[
1] states:
"From Ragusa begins the domain of the Zachlumi and stretches along as far as the river Orontius; and on the side of the coast it is neighbour to the Pagani, but on the side of the mountain country it is neighbour to the Croats on the north and to Serbia at the front.": "The Zahumljani (Zachlumoi) that now live there are Serbs, originating from the time of the prince (archont) who fled to emperor Heraclius": "The land of the Zahumljani comprise the following cities: Ston (το Σταγνον), Mokriskik (το Μοκρισκικ), Josli (το Ιοσλε), Galumainik (το "αλυμαενικ), Dobriskik (το "οβρισκικ)"
Zahumlje then bordered the lands of
Pagania (
Paganoi) to the west and southwest,
Travunia (
Terbounia) to the east and southeast, and
Serbia to the north.
The
Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja mentions Zahumlje as a part of
Red Croatia and states a source from
753,
De Regno Sclavorum.
The book
De Administrando Imperio from the
10th century, written by the Byzantine emperor
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos, mentions the land of the
Zachlumoi or Zahumlje as a one of the lands given to the
Serbs that came unsatisfied from
Servia in the Byzantine
theme of Serbia (
thema Servia) to inhabit in the first half of the
7th century.
Zahumlje entered into confederations with the
Serb princes of
Raška early on. The Serb prince
Časlav Klonimirović of the
House of Vlastimirović fully incorporated this area into his domain between
AD 927 and
940.
In the
12th and
13th century, Zahumlje was ruled by the a dynasty of local rulers:
* Desa, the
župan of
Duklja/
Zeta,
Travunia and Zahumlje before
1151 and the župan of
Serbia from
1155-
1162* Zavida, the Prince of Zahumlje
* Miroslav, the Great Prince of Zahumlje
1162-
1190. He was the brother of
Stefan Nemanja, Tihomir and Stracimir. He married a sister of
Ban Kulin of
Bosnia. In 1166 he ruled in Tihomir's name and since
1166 in the name of
Duke of All
Serbia, Grand Prince of
Rascia Stephen I Nemanya's name:*
Rastko of
Nemanja 1190 -
1192 rulling in the name of
Stefan Nemanja* Toljen, son of Miroslav
1192 -
1198* Petar, son of Miroslav,
Duke of Zahumlje
1198-
1227 and a
count of the city of
Split 1222-
1225. He married a daughter of
Duke Berthold von Meran,
Margrave of
Istria* Toljen II, son of Toljen,
Duke of Upper Zahumlje up to
1239* Nikola,
Prince of Zahumlje. He married Katarina
Kotromanić in
1238* Andrija, son of Miroslav,
Prince of the Seaside and
Duke of southern Zahumlje up to
1250* Bogdan, son of Andrija,
Prince of Zahumlje up to
1249, died
1252* Radoslav, son of Andrija,
Prince of Zahumlje in
1249 -
1255* Bogdan II
1285 -
1312The recorded rulers of Zahumlje in the
14th century include:
* Stephen Konstantin, Prince of Zahumlje, pretender to the
Serbian throne in
1323.
* Jovan Uglješa, a descendant of the Serbian House of
Mrnjavčević governed Zahumlje from approx.
1370 until his death in
1404.
* Sandalj Hranić Kosača, knez of Zahumlje and one of the Dukes of
Saint Sava, rose to become became Grand
Vojvoda of
Bosnia until his death in
1435* Stefan Vukčić Kosača, Grand Vojvoda of Bosnia, a Knez of Zahumlje and Primorje until his death in
1466*
History of Serbia*
Travunia*
Serbian Empire*
History of Croatia*
History of Dalmatia* http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/balkan5.html
* http://worldroots.com/brigitte/theroff/balkan.htm
