United Nations Children's Fund
The
United Nations Children's Fund or
UNICEF (
Arabic: ;
Chinese: ;
French: ;
Spanish: ) was established by the
United Nations General Assembly on
December 11,
1946. In
1953, its name was shortened from
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, but is still known by the popular
acronym based on this old name. Headquartered in
New York City, UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to
children and mothers in
developing countries. A voluntarily funded agency, UNICEF relies on contributions from governments and private donors. Its programmes emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children. UNICEF was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize in
1965. UNICEF is known for its, "Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF" program in which kids collect money for UNICEF from the houses they trick-or-treat at, sometimes instead of candy.
Following the reaching of term limits by
Executive Director of UNICEF
Carol Bellamy, former
US Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman took control of the organization in
May 2005 with an agenda to increase the organization's focus on the
Millennium Development Goals.
UNICEF is currently focused on 5 primary priorities: Young Child Survival and Development, Primary Education and Gender Equality, Child protection, HIV/AIDS, and Early childhood. Other priorities include child survival, the child in the family, and sports for development.
How they work to improve the status of their priorities is through 14 methods ranging from direct and legal interventions, to education and beyond to research and census data collection.
Education, especially for girls
Education is a proven intervention for improving the lives of all people, including children. Educating young women yields spectacular benefits for the current and future generations, and specifically affects a range of UNICEF priorities including child survival, children in family, immunization, and child protection.
''UNICEF's aim is to get more girls into school, ensure that they stay in school and that they are equipped with the basic tools they need to succeed in later life. As part of its on-going efforts to ensure every girl and boy their right to an education, UNICEF's acceleration strategy is speeding progress in girls' enrollment in 25 selected countries during the 2002-2005 period.
Immunization plus
Immunization is a direct intervention, a method which has made great improvements in the health of children world-wide over the past 20 years. But every year, more than 2 million children die from diseases that could have been prevented by inexpensive vaccines [
1].
The plus in the programme is the additional interventions made possible during interventions. Ranging from client education to nutritional supplements to insecticide-treated mosquito netting, these life-saving services make immunization programmes a powerful tool for child health.
Child protection
Every day children are forced to be soldiers, sex workers, sweatshop workers, servants. They are abused, exploited, and the subject of violence and the outcomes are uneducated, unhealthy, and impoverished children. UNICEF works in a variety of ways to provide protection and support, from child's rights advocacy to child soldier demobilisation programmes, working with individuals, civic groups, governments, and the private sector to bring about positive change.
HIV/AIDS
15 million children are now orphaned due to AIDS. It is estimated that by the year 2010 in sub-Saharan Africa alone, more than 18 million children, will have lost at least one parent to AIDS. Half of all new infections are people under the age of 25, with girls being hit harder and younger than boys. Working to protect and support orphaned children, to prevent parent-child transmission, and to give young people gender-sensitive and youth-friendly services, UNICEF also advocates for a protective familial, social and legal environment. UNICEF is also running several programmes dedicated to controlling both online and offline child pornography. [
2].
Early childhood
Every child must be ensured the best start in life â€" their future, and indeed the future of their communities, nations and the whole world depends on it. [
3]
UNICEF applies a holistic, evidence-based approach to Early childhood, including the following principles:
* Preventive and curative health care including immunization, adequate nutrition, and safe water and basic sanitation must be provided for children, their caregivers, and their communities.
* Children must have birth registration, protection from abuse and neglect, and be provided with love and psycho-social care as well as support for early education.
* Girls and women, especially, should have good nutrition and health care, education, family support, and their rights must be respected. They need to be informed of the health and survival risks, to themselves and their babies, regarding early repeat pregnancy, as well as breast feeding. The health and survival of mothers is directly related to the health and survival of their children.
UNICEF is the world's leading children's organisation. Over the 60 years of its history it has become a primary reference for governments and Non-Governmental Organizations (
NGO), collecting and disseminating more research on children than any other organisation, writing position papers on various aspects of the health and environments of children. UNICEF has also organised world-wide fundraising drives, to fund interventions which directly benefit children.
But many groups, governments, and individuals have criticised UNICEF over the years for failing to meet the needs of their particular group or interest. Recent examples include criticism of its perceived failure to hold the Government of Sudan adequately accountable for the practice of
slavery in southern Sudan, its policy against the marketing of breast-milk substitutes in developing world hospitals, and its adherence to the 1990
Convention on the Rights of the Child, which has been ratified by every government in the world except the United States and Somalia.
Unlike NGOs, UNICEF is an inter-governmental organisation and thus is accountable to governments. This gives it unique reach and access in every country in the world, but also sometimes hampers its ability to speak out on rights violations.
UNICEF has also been criticised for having political bias; while UNICEF aims to fund only non-political organisations,
NGO Monitor (published by former Israeli Ambassador to the
UN Dore Gold) criticises the UNICEF-funded "
Palestinian Youth Association for Leadership and Rights Activation" (PYALARA), a student-run Palestinian
NGO, for what NGO Monitor alleges is its covert political agenda justifying suicide bombings and demonising Israel [
4].
The Catholic Church has also been critical of UNICEF, with the
Vatican even withdrawing donations, because of reports by the
American Life League that parts of the funding pay for
sterilizations,
abortions, and
contraceptives [
5]. The cause for this accusations had been, that UNICEF had spread information about possible measures to girls who were in danger of being raped by soldiers during civil wars as well as education on how to avoid HIV-infection and how to reduce exorbitant birth rates.
*
List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors*
Street children*
Afghan New Beginnings Programme*
Music for UNICEF Concert*
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, stastical monitoring program of UNICEF
*
Official homepage*
Proposed Logo for Wikijunior, using part of the Unicef Logo*
United Nations - Official site
*
History of the United Nations - UK Government site
*
Charity Navigator's rating of United States Fund for UNICEF
