1913
1913 (
MCMXIII) was a
common year starting on Wednesday. (click on link for calendar)
January
*
January 30 -
House of Lords rejects
Irish Home Rule BillFebruary
*
February 1 -
New York City's
Grand Central Terminal opens as the world's largest
train station.
*
February 3 - The
16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect
income tax.
*
February 3 - Trial of the remnants of the
Bonnot gang begins.
*
February 17 - The
Armory Show opens in
New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early
20th century*
February 27 - Freezing weather stops everything in
BalkansMarch
* March - Outpouring of
monarchist sentiment in
Russia when the House of
Romanov celebrate the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne
*
March 4 - End of term for
President of the United States William Howard Taft. He is succeeded by
Thomas Woodrow Wilson.
*
March 10 - Civil Rights activist
Harriet Tubman dies of
pneumonia*
March 12 -
Canberra becomes the federal capital of
Australia*
March 13 -
Mexican Revolution -
Pancho Villa returns to
Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA
*
March 18 -
George I of Greece is assassinated.
*
March 20 -
Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (
KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
*
March 25 -
Venustiano Carranza announces his
Plan of Guadaloupe and begins his rebellion against
Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "
Constitutionals"
*
March 26 -
Balkan War:
Bulgarian forces take
Adrianople.
April
*
April 8 - Passing of the
Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
*
April 24 -
Woolworth Building opening ceremony.
May
*
May 13 -
Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine
aircraft.
*
May 14 -
New York Governor
William Sulzer approves the charter for the
Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from
John D. Rockefeller.
*
May 29 -
Igor Stravinsky's
ballet score
The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris.
*
May 30 -
First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in
London ending the war.
June
* June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine
Rays from the Rose Cross in the
United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
*
June 4 -
Emily Davison, a
suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the
Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.
*
June 13 -
Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in
Niagara Falls, New York.
*
June 15 -
Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines.
*
June 24 -
Joseph Cook becomes the 6th
Prime Minister of Australia.
July
*
July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the
Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of
United States Civil War veterans and their families to
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania*
July 10 -
Death Valley,
California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (
as of 2004).
August
*
August 4 - In
China, province of
Chungking declares
independence.
Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
*
August 13 - Invention of
stainless steel by
Harry Brearley in
Sheffield.
*
August 15 - Start of
Dublin Strike & Lockout, all
trade union members dismissed
*
August 20 - 700 feet above
Buc,
France, parachutist
Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely.
September
*
September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by five strokes to become the first ametuer to ever win the event
*
September 23 - French aviator
Roland Garros flies over the
Mediterranean*
September 29 -
Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
* September 29 -
Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals
October
*
October 1 - Villa's troops take
Torreon after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
*
October 10 - US President
Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the
Panama Canal.
*
October 19 - Founding of the
DLRG (German Life Saving Society)
November
*
November 5 - The insane king
Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title
Ludwig III.
*
November 6 -
Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of
Indian miners in
South Africa.
*
November 7-
November 12 - The
Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills over 250.
December
*
December 1 -
Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving
assembly line, reducing
chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of
mass production).
* December 1 -
Greece annexes
Crete*
December 12 -
Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson
Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
* December 12 -
Vincencio Peruggia tries to sell
Mona Lisa in the Florence and is arrested
*
December 23 - The
Federal Reserve is created by
Woodrow Wilson*
December 30 - Italy returns
Mona Lisa to France
Unknown Dates
* Female suffrage in
Norway* British steamship
Calvadas disappears in the
Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board
* First
crossword puzzle appears in the
World newspaper
*
Black Chamber, forerunner of
NSA, founded
*
de Sitter:
speed of light is independent of speed of source
*
Sagnac:
speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform
* Painting
September Morn creates a national sensation in U.S.
*
Camel Cigarettes were introduced
* Ela Hockaday founds
The Hockaday School* First publication of
Journal of Ecology*
National Temperance Council founded to promote
temperance movement*
United States Soccer Federation forms
January
*
January 2 -
Anna Lee, English actress (d.
2004)
*
January 6 -
Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d.
2001)
*
January 6 -
Loretta Young, American actress (d.
2000)
*
January 9 -
Richard M. Nixon,
President of the United States (d.
1994)
*
January 10 -
Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d.
1991)
*
January 15 -
Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d.
1998)
*
January 18 -
Danny Kaye, American actor (d.
1987)
* January 18 -
George Unwin, British fighter ace WWII (d.
2006)
*
January 22 -
William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d.
1977)
*
January 22 -
Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d.
2003)
*
January 24 -
Norman Dello Joio, American composer
*
January 25 -
Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d.
1994)
*
January 29 -
Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d.
2001)
February
*
February 2 -
Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d.
1985)
*
February 4 -
Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d.
2005)
*
February 6 -
Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d.
1996)
*
February 13 -
George Barker, British poet (d.
1991)
*
February 14 -
Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d.
1996)
*
February 14 -
Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared) (d.
1975)
*
February 25 -
Jim Backus, American actor (d.
1989)
*
February 25 -
Gert Fröbe, German actor (d.
1988)
*
February 27 -
Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d.
2005)
*
February 27 -
Irwin Shaw, American writer (d.
1984)
March
*
March 1 -
Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d.
2005)
*
March 2 -
Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d.
1971)
*
March 4 -
John Garfield, American actor (d.
1952)
*
March 13 -
William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d.
1987)
*
March 13 -
Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
*
March 18 -
René Clément, French film director (d.
1996)
*
March 21 -
George Abecassis, English race car driver (d.
1991)
*
March 26 -
Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d.
1996)
*
March 29 -
R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d.
2000)
*
March 30 -
Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d.
2002)
*
March 30 -
Frankie Laine, American singer
April
*
April 3 -
Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d.
2005)
*
April 11 -
Oleg Cassini, American fashion disigner (d.
2006)
*
April 27 -
Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d.
2004)
May
*
May 1 -
Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d.
2005)
*
May 1 -
Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d.
1980)
*
May 5 -
Tyrone Power, American Actor (d.
1958)
*
May 8 -
Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d.
1937)
*
May 11 -
Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d.
1994)
*
May 13 -
William R. Tolbert, Jr.,
President of Liberia (d.
1980)
*
May 16 -
Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d.
1987)
*
May 20 -
William Hewlett, American businessman (d.
2001)
*
May 26 -
Peter Cushing, English actor (d.
1994)
*
May 29 -
Tony Zale, American boxer (d.
1997)
June
*
June 6 -
Carlo L. Golino, American Scholar (d.
1991)
*
June 10 -
Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer
*
June 11 -
Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d.
1970)
*
June 18 -
Robert Mondavi, American wine maker
*
June 25 -
Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d.
2005)
*
June 28 -
Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker
July
*
July 12 -
Willis Lamb, American physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate
*
July 14 -
Gerald Ford, 38th
President of the United States*
July 18 -
Red Skelton, American comedian (d.
1997)
*
July 22 -
Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d.
1995)
August
*
August 8 -
John Facenda, American broadcaster and sports announcer (d.
1984)
*
August 10 -
Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1993)
*
August 13 -
Makarios III, Archbishop and first
President of Cyprus (d.
1977)
*
August 16 -
Menachem Begin,
Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1992)
*
August 17 -
Rudy York, baseball player (d.
1970)
*
August 17 -
W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and
Deep Throat Watergate informant
*
August 19 -
Richard Simmons, American actor (d.
2003)
*
August 20 -
Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1994)
*
August 27 -
Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter
Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d.
2006)
*
August 28 -
Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d.
1995)
*
August 28 -
Richard Tucker, American tenor (d.
1975)
*
August 30 -
Richard Stone, British economist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1991)
September
*
September 4 -
Stanford Moore, American chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1982)
*
September 5 -
Frank Thomas, American animator (d.
2004)
*
September 12 -
Jesse Owens, American athlete (d.
1980)
*
September 14 -
Jacobo Arbenz,
President of Guatemala (d.
1971)
*
September 15 -
John N. Mitchell,
United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d.
1988)
*
September 19 -
Frances Farmer, American actress (d.
1970)
*
September 29 -
Trevor Howard, English actor (d.
1988)
*
September 29 -
Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d.
2001)
*
September 29 -
Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d.
1996)
*
September 30 -
Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d.
1975)
October
*
October 10 -
Claude Simon, French writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2005)
*
October 22 -
Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d.
1954)
November
*
November 2 -
Burt Lancaster, American actor (d.
1994)
*
November 5 -
Vivien Leigh, British actress (d.
1967)
*
November 7 -
Albert Camus, French writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1960)
*
November 9 -
Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d.
2000)
*
November 10 -
Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d.
2005)
*
November 13 -
Alexander Scourby, American actor (d.
1985)
*
November 15 -
Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d.
2005)
*
November 21 -
John Boulting, English film director (d.
1985)
*
November 21 -
Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d.
2001)
*
November 22 -
Benjamin Britten, English composer (d.
1976)
December
*
December 6 -
Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d.
2004)
*
December 8 -
Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d.
1966)
*
December 10 -
Morton Gould, American composer (d.
1996)
* December 10 -
Harry Locke, British character actor (d.
1987)
*
December 13 -
Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d.
2002)
*
December 18 -
Alfred Bester, American author (d.
1987)
*
December 18 -
Willy Brandt,
Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1992)
*
December 30 -
Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d.
2002)
*
January 2 -
Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b.
1855)
*
January 4 -
Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b.
1833)
*
February 22 -
Francisco I. Madero,
President of Mexico (b.
1873)
*
February 26 -
Felix Draeseke, German composer (b.
1835)
*
March 10 -
Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b.
1820)
*
March 22 -
Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b.
1882)
*
March 31 -
J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b.
1837)
*
June 5 -
Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
*
June 8 -
Emily Davison, British suffragette (b.
1872)
*
July 3 -
Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b.
1845)
*
July 29 -
Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (b.
1838)
*
September 30 -
Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b.
1858)
*
October 5 -
Hans von Bartels, German painter (b.
1856)
*
November 7 -
Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b.
1823)
*
November 22 -
Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b.
1837)
*
December 12 -
Menelik II,
Emperor of Ethiopia (b.
1844)
Date unknown
*
John S. Billings, American military and medical leader (b.
1838)
*
Physics -
Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes*
Chemistry -
Alfred Werner*
Medicine -
Charles Robert Richet*
Literature -
Rabindranath Tagore*
Peace -
Henri La Fontaine*
1913 Coin Pictures
